A Tecnicidade e a Teoria Ator Rede: perspectivas para investigar o impacto da Inteligência Artificial sobre o Social

Stefanie Carlan da Silveira; Matheus Costa Nunes

doi:10.32334/oqnfp.2024n54a978

PDF (Português (Brasil))

Published: Jun 30, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32334/oqnfp.2024n54a978

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence, actor-network theory, Technicity, technical objects, Philosophy of technology

Stefanie Carlan da Silveira

Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6767-6839

Matheus Costa Nunes

University of Montreal

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-1097

Abstract

The research agenda that investigates the interaction of humans with artificial intelligence (AI) has gained prominence with the popularization of tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini and Midjourney. This article proposes an introductory, exploratory and theoretical discussion about the limitations of traditional sociology to investigate the problem of non-human actors. At the same time, the text presents a literature review on the basic concepts surrounding the advent of artificial intelligence. Finally, the article discusses a theoretical framework based on Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network Theory (ANT), together with Gilbert Simondon’s technicity,
as a consistent research approach to study the interaction of users and intelligent algorithms, both human and non-human.

Issue

Vol. 32 No. 54 (2024): Dossier Philosophy of Technology II

Section

Articles

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Copyright Notice

The author of the article or book reviews submitted and approved for publication authorizes the editors to reproduce it and publish it in the journal O que nos faz pensar, with the terms “reproduction” and “publication” being understood in accordance with the definitions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license. The article or book reviews may be accessed both via the World Wide Web – Internet (WWW – Internet), and in printed form, its being permitted, free of charge, to consult and reproduce the text for the personal use of whoever consults it. This authorization of publication has no time limit, with the editors of the journal O que nos faz pensar being responsible for maintaining the identification of the author of the article.

Author Biographies

Stefanie Carlan da Silveira, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)

Adjunct professor in the Department of Journalism at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). Sub-coordinator of the Postgraduate Program in Journalism (PPGJOR-UFSC). PhD in Communication from the University of São Paulo (PPGCOM/USP). Journalist graduated from the Federal University of Santa Maria and holds a master's degree in Communication and Information from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Experienced researcher in the field of Communication, with an emphasis on the Internet, Digital Journalism and Innovation

Matheus Costa Nunes, University of Montreal

PhD student in Communication Science at the University of Montreal. Holds a Master's degree in Journalism from the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) and a Bachelor's degree in Communication with a major in Journalism from the Institute of Higher Education of Brasília (IESB). My research interests focus on digital communication, natural language generation and platform economy.

References

ANDERSON, C. W. Apostles of certainty: Data journalism and the politics of doubt. UK: Oxford University Press, 2018.

Artificial Intelligence (AI). IBM, 2020. Disponível em: www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/what-is-artificial-intelligence. Acesso em: 16 de fevereiro de 2024.

BEDINI, S. A. The role of automata in the history of technology. Technology and Culture, v. 5, n. 1, p. 24-42, 1964.

BRAUSE, S. R.; ZENG, J.; SCHÄFER, M. S.; KATZENBACH, C. Chapter 24: Media representations of artificial intelligence: surveying the field. In: LINDGREN, S. Handbook of Critical Studies of Artificial Intelligence. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803928562.00030. Acesso em: 1º maio 2024.

COECKELBERGH, M. Ética na inteligência artificial. Rio de Janeiro: Ubu Editora / PUC-Rio, 2023.

CUPANI, A. Filosofia da tecnologia: um convite. Florianópolis: Editora da UFSC, 2016.

DANDURAND, G. et al. Training the News: Coverage of Canada’s AI Hype Cycle (2012-2021). Shaping 21st-Century AI, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, 2022.

DAVENPORT, T; KALAKOTA, R. The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare. Future healthcare journal, v. 6, n. 2, p. 94, 2019.

FELICE, M. D. Net-ativismo e ecologia da ação em contextos reticulares. Contemporânea (Salvador), v. 11, n. 2, p. 267-283, 2013.

FELINTO, E. Passeando no labirinto: ensaios sobre as tecnologias e as materialidades da comunicação. EDIPUCRS, 2006.

GROOVER, M. P. Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-integrated Manufacturing 2nd ed. Assembly Automation, 2002.

GUMBRECHT, H. U. O campo não hermenêutico ou a materialidade da comunicação. Teresa, n. 10-11, p. 388-409, 2010.

HANKE, M. A comunicologia segundo Vilém Flusser. Galáxia. Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação e Semiótica, n. 7, 2004.

HARARI, Y. N. Homo Deus: uma breve história do amanhã. Editora Companhia das Letras, 2016.

HOPCROFT, J. E.; ULLMAN, J. D.; MOTWANI, R.. Introdução à teoria de autômatos, linguagens e computação. Rio de Janeiro: Campus, 2002.

KATZ, J. E. Cuestiones teóricas en torno a medios móviles y comunicación. In: AGUADO, J. M.; MARTINÉZ, I. J. Sociedad móvil: tecnología, identidad y cultura. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 2008.

KIRNER, C.; SISCOUTTO, R. (Ed). Realidade Virtual e Aumentada: Conceitos, Projeto e Aplicações. Petrópolis/RJ: Editora SBC – Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2007.

LARUS, J. R. Evolution of Computing. In: WERTHNER, H. et al. Introduction to Digital Humanism. Cham: Springer, 2024. Disponível em: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45304-5_3. Acesso em: 24 ago. 2024.

LATOUR, B. Jamais fomos modernos: ensaio de antropologia simétrica. São Paulo: Editora 34, 2019 (4ª ed).

LATOUR, B. Reagregando o social: uma introdução à teoria do ator-rede. Salvador (BA), Bauru (SP): UFBA, USC, 2012.

LATOUR, B. Ciência em ação: como seguir cientistas e engenheiros sociedade afora. São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2000.

LATOUR, B. On technical mediation. Common Knowledge, Inglaterra, v. 3, n. 2, 1994.

LEMOS, A. Epistemologia da comunicação, neomaterialismo e cultura digital. Galáxia (São Paulo), p. 54-66, 2020.

LEMOS, A. A comunicação das coisas: teoria ator-rede e cibercultura. São Paulo: Anablume, 2013.

LEMOS, A. Things (and People) are the Tools of the Revolution. poliTICs, Instituto Nupef, n. 9, 2011.

MANOVICH, Lev. Software Takes Command. Nova York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013.

NORVIG, P.; RUSSELL, S. Inteligência Artificial. Editora Campus, v. 20, 2004.

O’NEIL, C. Algoritmos de destruição em massa. Editora Rua do Sabão, 2021.

SANTAELLA, L. A ecologia pluralista da comunicação: conectividade, mobilidade, ubiquidade. São Paulo: Paulus, 2010.

SILVEIRA, S. C. Conteúdo jornalístico para smartphones: o formato da narrativa sistêmica no jornalismo ubíquo. 2017. Tese de Doutorado. Universidade de São Paulo.

SIMONDON, G. Do modo de existência dos objetos técnicos. Petrópolis: Contraponto, 2020a.

SIMONDON, G. A individuação à luz das noções de forma e de informação. São Paulo: Editora 34, 2020b.

POELL, T; NIEBORG, D; VAN DIJCK, J. Platformisation. Internet policy review, v. 8, n. 4, p. 1-13, 2019.

TURING, A. M. Computing machinery and intelligence (1950). 2021.

THURMAN, N; LEWIS, S C.; KUNERT, J. Algorithms, automation, and news. Digital journalism, v. 7, n. 8, p. 980-992, 2019.

VAJJALA, S., MAJUMDER, B., GUPTA, A., & SURANA, H. Practical natural language processing: a comprehensive guide to building real-world NLP systems. O’Reilly Media, 2020.

WANG, W.; DOWNEY, J.; YANG, F. AI anxiety? Comparing the sociotechnical imaginaries of artificial intelligence in UK, Chinese and Indian newspapers. Global Media and China, v. 0, n. 0, 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1177/20594364231196547. Acesso em: 1º maio 2024.

WHITEHEAD, A. N. Process and Reality: An Essay In Cosmology. New York: The Free Press, 1978.